Global navigation satellite system

ABSTRACT

Each of a first and a second navigation satellite system (NSS) are adapted to operate according to a first and a second specification, respectively, and each includes a first and a second plurality of satellite vehicles (SV), respectively. Each of the first and the second plurality of SVs are adapted to be identified by a first and a second plurality of unique corresponding identifications (IDs), respectively. A processor is adapted to receive and identify a first plurality of corresponding signals transmitted from the first plurality of SVs in response to the first plurality of unique corresponding IDs. The processor is adapted to receive and identify a second plurality of corresponding signals transmitted from the second plurality of SVs in response to the second plurality of unique corresponding IDs. The processor is adapted to determine position location information in response to receiving and identifying the first plurality of corresponding signals and the second plurality of corresponding signals.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/621,935, filed on Jan. 10, 2007, entitled“Global Navigation Satellite System” which is assigned to the assigneehereof.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to communication systems. Moreparticularly, the present invention relates to a communication systemincluding a global navigation satellite system.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There are many different types of technologies employed in calculatingthe location of mobile stations in wireless networks with various levelsof success and accuracy. Assisted-GPS (A-GPS) is a positioningtechnology that is presently used for locating mobile stations inwireless networks. An A-GPS server provides assistance data to themobile station in order for it to have a low Time to First Fix (TTFF),to permit weak signal acquisition, and to optimize mobile stationbattery use. A-GPS is used as a location technology in isolation orhybridized with other positioning technologies that provide range-likemeasurements.

An A-GPS server provides data to a wireless mobile station that isspecific to the approximate location of a mobile station. The assistancedata helps the mobile station lock onto satellites quickly, andpotentially allows the handset to lock onto weak signals. The mobilestation then performs the position calculation or optionally returns themeasured code phases to the server to do the calculation. The A-GPSserver can make use of additional information such as round-trip timingmeasurements from a cellular base station to the mobile station in orderto calculate a location where it may otherwise not be possible, forexample when there are not enough GPS satellites visible.

Advances in satellite-based global positioning system (GPS), timingadvance (TA), and terrestrial-based enhanced observed time difference(E-OTD) position fixing technology enable a precise determination of thegeographic position (e.g., latitude and longitude) of a mobile stationsubscriber. As geographic location services are deployed within wirelesscommunications networks, such positional information may be stored innetwork elements and delivered to nodes in the network using signalingmessages. Such information may be stored in SMLCs (Serving MobileLocation Centers), SASs (Stand-Alone SMLCs), PDEs (Position DeterminingEntities), SLPs (Secure User Plane Location Platforms) and specialpurpose mobile subscriber location databases.

One example of a special purpose mobile subscriber location database isthe SMLC proposed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Inparticular, 3GPP has defined a signaling protocol for communicatingmobile subscriber positional information to and from an SMLC. Thissignaling protocol is referred to as the Radio Resource LCS (LocationServices) protocol, denoted RRLP, and defines signaling messagescommunicated between a mobile station and an SMLC related to a mobilesubscriber's location. A detailed description of the RRLP protocol isfound in 3GPP TS 44.031 v7.2.0 (2005-11) 3rd Generation PartnershipProject; Technical Specification Group GSM Edge Radio Access Network;Location Services (LCS); Mobile Station (MS)-Serving Mobile LocationCenter (SMLC) Radio Resource LCS Protocol (RRLP) (Release 7).

In addition to the United States Global Positioning System (GPS), otherSatellite Positioning Systems (SPS), such as the Russian GLONASS systemor the proposed European Galileo System may also be used for positionlocation of a mobile station. However, each of the systems operatesaccording to different specifications.

Accordingly, there is a need for a communication system, including aglobal navigation satellite system (GNSS), which can determine aposition location for a mobile station based on satellite signals sentfrom two or more satellite systems, rather than just one satellitesystem, to provide further efficiencies and advantages for positionlocation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention includes a method, an apparatus, and/or a system.The apparatus may include data processing systems, which perform themethod, and computer readable media storing executable applicationswhich, when executed on the data processing systems, cause the dataprocessing systems to perform the method.

According to one aspect of the present invention, each of a first and asecond global navigation satellite system (GNSS) are adapted to operateaccording to a first and a second specification, respectively, and eachincludes a first and a second plurality of satellite vehicles (SV),respectively. Each of the first and the second plurality of SVs areadapted to be identified by a first and a second plurality of uniquecorresponding identifications (IDs), respectively. A processor isadapted to receive and identify a first plurality of correspondingsignals transmitted from the first plurality of SVs in response to thefirst plurality of unique corresponding IDs. The processor is adapted toreceive and identify a second plurality of corresponding signalstransmitted from the second plurality of SVs in response to the secondplurality of unique corresponding IDs. The processor is adapted todetermine position location information in response to receiving andidentifying the first plurality of corresponding signals and the secondplurality of corresponding signals.

According to other aspects of the present invention, the presentinvention employs an apparatus, a method, a computer readable memory,and a signal protocol.

These and other aspects of the present invention will be apparent fromthe accompanying drawings and from the following detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Aspects of the present invention are illustrated by way of examples andnot limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in whichlike reference numbers designate corresponding elements.

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram representation of a communicationsystem, including a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), acellular system, and a mobile station, according to one aspect of thepresent invention.

FIG. 2 illustrates Table A representing four examples for modifying aradio resource location services protocol (RRLP) position measurerequest message and a RRLP position measure response message for apresent RRLP specification, according to one aspect of the presentinvention.

FIG. 3 illustrates a method for modifying the present RRLP positionmeasure request message and present RRLP position measure responsemessage in accordance with one of the four examples, according to oneaspect of the present invention.

FIGS. 4A to 4B illustrate Table 1 representing the RRLP position measurerequest message for the present RRLP specification, according to oneaspect of the present invention.

FIGS. 5A to 5B illustrate Table 2 representing the RRLP position measureresponse message for a present RRLP specification, according to oneaspect of the present invention.

FIGS. 6A to 6D illustrate Table 3 representing a modified RRLP positionmeasure request message in accordance with example one, according to oneaspect of the present invention.

FIGS. 7A to 7D illustrate Table 4 representing a modified RRLP positionmeasure response message in accordance with example one, according toone aspect of the present invention.

FIGS. 8A to 8C illustrate Table 5 representing a modified RRLP positionmeasure request message in accordance with example two, according to oneaspect of the present invention.

FIGS. 9A to 9C illustrate Table 6 representing a RRLP position measureresponse message in accordance with example two, according to one aspectof the present invention.

FIG. 10A and 10B illustrates Table 7 representing a modified RRLPposition measure request message in accordance with example three,according to one aspect of the present invention.

FIGS. 11 A to 11C illustrate Table 8 representing a RRLP positionmeasure response message in accordance with example three, according toone aspect of the present invention.

FIGS. 12A to 12C illustrate Table 9 representing a RRLP position measurerequest message in accordance with example four, according to one aspectof the present invention.

FIGS. 13A and 13B illustrate Table 10 representing a RRLP positionmeasure response message in accordance with example four, according toone aspect of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

The following description and drawings are illustrative of the inventionand are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Numerous specificdetails are described to provide a thorough understanding of the presentinvention. However, in certain instances, well-known or conventionaldetails are not described in order to avoid obscuring the description ofthe present invention. References to one embodiment or an embodiment inthe present disclosure are not necessarily to the same embodiment, andsuch references include one or more embodiments.

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram representation of a communicationsystem 10, including a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) 11, acellular system 12, a landline telephone system 13, according to oneaspect of the present invention. The GNSS system 11 includes multipleglobal navigation satellites 14-21, including a first set of satellites14-17 associated with a first GNSS and a second set of satellites 18-21associated with a second GNSS. The first and second GNSS may be any twodifferent GNSS, for example, the United States Global Positioning System(GPS) or other Satellite Positioning System (SPS), such as the RussianGLONASS system, or the proposed European Galileo System.

The cellular system 12 includes multiple cellular base stations 22-24(“base station”), a mobile switching center 25, and a location server,which is otherwise called a position determining entity (PDE) 26. PDE 26may be a 3GPP SMLC or 3GPP SAS. Each base station 22-24 further includesa base station (BS) transmitter 27, a BS receiver 28, a GPS receiver 29,and a first GNSS receiver (e.g., a GPS receiver) 29, and a second GNSSreceiver (e.g., Galileo receiver) 30. The first and second GNSSreceivers may be located inside or outside the base stations 22-24. TheGPS receiver 29 receives signals from the GPS satellites 14-17. TheGalileo receiver 35 receives signals from the Galileo satellites 18-21.

The communication system 10 provides wireless communications for themobile station 31, and is not limited to cellular, fixed wireless, PCS,or satellite communications systems. The communication system 10 mayprovide for multiple access communications, in accordance with anystandard or protocol, such as, for example, CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, or GSM, orcombinations thereof.

The GNSS system 11 is a collection of satellites, such as GPS satellites14-17 and Galileo satellites 18-21, each of which travels in apredictable orbit above the earth's surface. Each satellite transmits asignal modulated with a pseudo-noise (PN) code unique to the satellite.Each PN code comprises a predetermined number of chips. For example forGPS, the PN code is a sequence of 1,023 chips that is repeated everymillisecond. A GPS receiver, such as GPS receiver 24, receives acomposite signal comprising a mixture of signals from each of thesatellites that are visible to the GPS receiver. A signal detector inthe receiver detects a transmission from a particular satellite bydetermining the degree of correlation between the received signal andshifted versions of the PN code for that satellite. If a peak ofsufficient quality in the correlation value for one of the shift offsetsis detected, the GPS receiver is considered to have detected thetransmission from the satellite.

To perform position location for the mobile station 31 in wirelesscellular networks (e.g., cellular system 12), several approaches, forexample, to perform a position calculation using a number ofgeometrically distinct measurements, such as range, pseudorange, roundtrip delay and others that are associated with distinct reference points(e.g., GPS satellites, pseudolites, base stations, surface of theearth).

One approach, called Advanced Forward Link Trilateration (AFLT) orEnhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD), measures at the mobilestation 31 the times of arrival of signals transmitted from each ofseveral base stations (e.g., transmissions from base stations 22-24).These times are transmitted to a Position Determination Entity (PDE)(e.g., a location server) 26, which computes the position of the mobilestation 31 using these times of reception. The transmit times at thesebase stations are coordinated such that at a particular instance oftime, the times-of-day associated with multiple base stations 22-24 arewithin a specified error bound. The accurate positions of the basestations 22-24 and the times of reception are used to determining theposition of the mobile station 31.

In an AFLT system, the times of reception of signals from the basestations 22-24 are measured at the mobile station 31. This timing datamay then be used to compute the position of the mobile station 31. Suchcomputation may be done at the mobile station 31 or at the locationserver 26, if the timing information so obtained by the mobile station31 is transmitted to the location server 26 via a communication link.Typically, the times of receptions are communicated to the locationserver 26 through one of the cellular base stations 22-24. The locationserver 26 is coupled to receive data from the base stations through themobile switching center 25. The location server 26 may include a basestation almanac (BSA) server, which provides the location of the basestations and/or the coverage area of base stations. Alternatively, thelocation server 26 and the BSA server may be separate from each other,and the location server 26 communicates with the base station to obtainthe base station almanac for position determination. The mobileswitching center 25 provides signals (e.g., voice, data, and/or videocommunications) to and from the landline Public Switched TelephoneSystem (PSTS) 13 so that signals may be conveyed to and from the mobilestation 31 to other telephones (e.g., landline phones on the PSTS orother mobile telephones). In some cases, the location server 26 may alsocommunicate with the mobile switching center 25 via a cellular link. Thelocation server 26 may also monitor emissions from several of the basestations 22-24 in an effort to determine the relative timing of theseemissions.

In another approach, called Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA), the timesof reception of a signal from the mobile station 31 is measured atseveral base stations 22-24. This timing data may then be communicatedto the location server 26 to compute the position of the mobile station31.

Yet a third approach of doing position location involves the use in themobile station 31 of a receiver for the United States Global PositioningSystem (GPS) or other Satellite Positioning System (SPS), such as theRussian GLONASS system or the proposed European Galileo System. TheGLONASS system primarily differs from GPS system in that the emissionsfrom different satellites are differentiated from one another byutilizing slightly different carrier frequencies, rather than utilizingdifferent pseudorandom codes. In this situation, and with the Galileosystem, substantially all the circuitry and algorithms describedpreviously are applicable. The term “GNSS” used herein includes suchalternative satellite positioning systems, including the Russian GLONASSsystem and the proposed European Galileo System.

In the third approach, the GPS receiver 34 estimates its location bydetecting transmissions from some of the satellites 14-17. For eachdetected transmission, the receiver uses the shift in the PN code toestimate the delay (in terms of chips or fractions of chips) betweentime of transmission and time of arrival. Given the known propagationspeed of the positioning signal, the GPS receiver estimates the distancebetween itself and the satellite. This estimated distance defines asphere around the satellite. The GPS receiver 34 knows the preciseorbits and positions of each of the satellites, and continuouslyreceives updates to these orbits and positions. From this information,the GPS receiver 34 is able to determine its position (and the currenttime) from the point where the spheres for the four satellitesintersect. In combination with or as alternative to the GPS receiver 34,the Galileo receiver 35 may estimate its location by detectingtransmissions from at least four of the satellites 18-21.

Although the methods and apparatus of the present invention have beendescribed with reference to GPS satellites, it will be appreciated thatthe description are equally applicable to positioning systems whichutilize pseudolites, or a combination of satellites and pseudolites.Pseudolites are ground-based transmitters, which broadcast a PN code(similar to a GPS signal) modulated on an L-band carrier signal,generally synchronized with GPS time. Each transmitter may be assigned aunique PN code to permit identification by a remote receiver.Pseudolites are useful in situations where GPS signals from an orbitingsatellite might be unavailable, such as tunnels, mines, buildings, orother enclosed areas. The term “satellite”, as used herein, is intendedto include pseudolites or equivalents of pseudolites, and the term GPSsignals, as used herein, are intended to include GPS-like signals frompseudolites or equivalents of pseudolites.

Such a method using a receiver for satellite positioning signals (SPS)may be completely autonomous or may utilize the cellular network toprovide assistance data or to share in the position calculation. Asshorthand, these various methods are referred to as “GPS.” Examples ofsuch methods are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,945,944; 5,874,914;6,208,290; 5,812,087; and 5,841,396.

For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 5,945,944 describes a method to obtain fromcellular phone transmission signals accurate time information, which isused in combination with GPS signals to determine the position of thereceiver. U.S. Pat. No. 5,874,914 describes a method to transmit theDoppler frequency shifts of in view satellites to the receiver through acommunication link to determine the position of the receiver. U.S. Pat.No. 5,874,914 further describes a method to transmit satellite almanacdata (or ephemeris data) to a receiver through a communication link tohelp the receiver to determine its position. U.S. Pat. No. 5,874,914also describes a method to lock to a precision carrier frequency signalof a cellular telephone system to provide a reference signal at thereceiver for GPS signal acquisition. U.S. Pat. No. 6,208,290 describes amethod to use an approximate location of a receiver to determine anapproximate Doppler for reducing SPS signal processing time. U.S. Pat.No. 5,812,087 describes a method to compare different records of asatellite data message received at different entities to determine atime at which one of the records is received at a receiver in order todetermine the position of the receiver.

In practical low-cost implementations, both the MS receiver 33, the GPSreceiver 34, and/or the Galileo receiver 35 are integrated into the sameenclosure and, may in fact share common electronic circuitry, such asreceiver circuitry and/or antenna.

In yet another variation of the above methods, the round trip delay(RTD) is found for signals that are sent from the base station 22, 23,or 24 to the mobile station 31 and then are returned to thecorresponding base station 22, 23, or 24. In a similar but alternativemethod, the round trip delay is found for signals that are sent from themobile station 31 to the base station and then returned to the mobilestation 31. The round-trip delays are each divided by two to determinean estimate of the one-way time delay. Knowledge of the location of thebase station, plus a one-way delay constrains the location of the mobilestation 31 to a circle on the earth. Two such measurements from distinctbase stations then result in the intersection of two circles, which inturn constrains the location to two points on the earth. A thirdmeasurement (even an angle of arrival or cell sector) resolves theambiguity.

A combination of another position method such as AFLT or TDOA with a GPSsystem is called a “hybrid” system. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,999,124describes a hybrid system, in which the position of a cell basedtransceiver is determined from a combination of at least: i) a timemeasurement that represents a time of travel of a message in the cellbased communication signals between the cell based transceiver and acommunication system, and ii) a time measurement that represents a timeof travel of an SPS signal.

Altitude aiding has been used in various methods for determining theposition of a mobile device. Altitude aiding is typically based on apseudo-measurement of the altitude. The knowledge of the altitude of alocation of a mobile station 31 constrains the possible positions of themobile station 31 to a surface of a sphere (or an ellipsoid) with itscenter located at the center of the earth. This knowledge may be used toreduce the number of independent measurements required to determine theposition of the mobile station 31. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,061,018describes a method where an estimated altitude is determined from theinformation of a cell object, which may be a cell site that has a cellsite transmitter in communication with the mobile station 31.

When a minimum set of measurements are available, a unique solution tothe navigation equations can be determined for the position of themobile station 31. When more than one extra measurement is available,the “best” solution may be obtained to best fit all the availablemeasurements (e.g., through a least square solution procedure thatminimizes the residual vector of the navigation equations). Since theresidual vector is typically non-zero when there are redundantmeasurements, due to the noises or errors in the measurements, anintegrity-monitoring algorithm can be used to determine if all themeasurements are consistent with each other.

For example, a traditional Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring(RAIM) algorithm may be used to detect if there is a consistency problemin the set of the redundant measurements. For example, one RAIMalgorithm determines if the magnitude of the residual vector for thenavigation equations is below a threshold value. If the magnitude of theresidual vector is smaller than the threshold, the measurements areconsidered consistent. If the magnitude of the residual vector is largerthan the threshold, there is an integrity problem, in which case one ofthe redundant measurements that appears to cause the most inconsistencymay then be removed to obtain an improved solution.

Multiple cellular base stations 22-24 are typically arranged to cover ageographical area with radio coverage, and these different base stations22-24 are coupled to at least one mobile switching center 25, as is wellknown in the prior art. Thus, multiple base stations 22-24 would begeographically distributed, but coupled by a mobile switching center 25.The cellular system 12 may be connected to a network of reference GPSreceivers 29, which provide differential GPS information, and mayprovide GPS ephemeris data for use in calculating the position of mobilestations. The cellular system 12 may be connected to a network ofreference Galileo receivers 30, which provide differential Galileoinformation, and may provide Galileo ephemeris data for use incalculating the position of mobile stations. The cellular system 12 iscoupled through a modem or other communication interface, to othercomputers or network components, and/or to computer systems operated byemergency operators, such as the Public Safety Answering Points, whichrespond to 911 telephone calls. In IS-95 compliant CDMA systems, eachbase station or sector 22-24 transmits a pilot signal, which ismodulated with a repeating pseudo-random noise (PN) code, which uniquelyidentifies that base station. For example, for IS-95 compliant CDMAsystems, the PN code is a sequence of 32,768 chips, which is repeatedevery 26.67 mSec.

The location server 26 typically includes communication devices, such asmodems or network interface. The location server 26 may be coupled to anumber of different networks through communication devices (e.g., modemsor other network interfaces). Such networks include the mobile switchingcenter 25 or multiple mobile switching centers, land based phone systemswitches, cellular base stations 22-24, other GPS signal receivers,other Galileo receiver, or other processors or location servers. Variousexamples of methods for using a location server 26 have been describedin numerous U.S. patents, including: U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,841,396,5,874,914, 5,812,087, and 6,215,442.

The location server 26, which is a form of a data processing system,includes a bus, which is coupled to a microprocessor and a ROM andvolatile RAM and a non-volatile memory (each not shown). The processoris coupled to cache memory (not shown). The bus interconnects thesevarious components together. The location server 26 may utilize anon-volatile memory, which is remote from the cellular system 12, suchas a network storage device, which is coupled to the data processingsystem through a network interface such as a modem or Ethernetinterface. The bus may include one or more buses connected to each otherthrough various bridges, controllers and/or adapters as are well knownin the art. In many situations, the location server 26 may perform itsoperations automatically without human assistance. In some designs wherehuman interaction is required, an I/O controller (not shown) maycommunicate with displays, keyboards, and other I/O devices. It willalso be appreciated that network computers and other data processingsystems which have fewer components or perhaps more components may alsobe used with the present invention and may act as a location server or aPDE.

A cellular mobile station 31 (“mobile station”) includes a first GNSSreceiver (e.g., a GPS receiver) 34, and a second GNSS receiver (e.g.,Galileo receiver) 35, a mobile station (MS) transmitter 32, and a mobilestation receiver 33. The GPS receiver 34 receives signals from the GPSsatellites 14-17. The Galileo receiver 35 receives signals from theGalileo satellites 18-21. The MS transmitter 32 transmits communicationsignals to the BS receiver 28. The MS receiver 33 receives communicationsignals from the BS transmitter 27.

Other elements of the mobile station 31, which are not shown in FIG. 1,include, for example, a GPS antenna, a Galileo antenna, a cellularantenna, a processor, a user interface, a portable power supply, and amemory device. The processor further includes a processor port and othermobile functions.

In the mobile station 31, each satellite signal receiving antenna andsatellite signal receiver includes circuitry, such as acquisition andtracking circuitry (not shown), for performing the functions requiredfor receiving and processing satellite signals. Satellite signals (e.g.,a signal transmitted from one or more satellites 14-17, and/or 18-21)are received through the satellite antenna and input to acquisition andtracking circuit, which acquires the PN (Pseudorandom Noise) codes forthe various received satellites. Data produced by circuit (e.g.,correlation indicators (not shown)) are processed by the processor,either alone or in combination with other data received from orprocessed by the cellular system 12, to produce position location data(e.g., latitude, longitude, time, satellites, etc.)

The cellular antenna and a cellular transceiver (e.g., MS transmitter 32and MS receiver 33) includes circuitry for performing functions requiredfor processing communication signals received and transmitted over acommunication link. The communication link is typically a radiofrequency communication link to another component, such as one or morebase stations 22-24 having communication antenna (not shown).

The cellular transceiver contains a transmit/receive switch (not shown),which routes communication signals (e.g., radio frequency signals) toand from the communication antenna and the cellular transceiver. In somemobile stations, a band splitting filter, or “duplexer,” is used insteadof the T/R switch. Received communication signals are input to acommunication receiver in the cellular transceiver, and passed to aprocessor for processing. Communication signals to be transmitted fromprocessor are propagated to a modulator and frequency converter (notshown), each in the transceiver. A power amplifier (not shown) in thecellular transceiver increases the gain of the signal to an appropriatelevel for transmission to one or more base stations 22-24.

In one embodiment of the mobile station 31, data generated byacquisition and tracking circuitry in the GPS receiver 24 and/or Galileoreceiver 35 is transmitted over a communication link (e.g., a cellularchannel) to one or more base stations 22-24. The location server 26 thendetermines the location of mobile station 31 based on the data from oneor more satellite receivers 34 and 35, the time at which the data weremeasured, and ephemeris data received from the base station's ownsatellite receiver or other sources of such data. The position locationdata can then be transmitted back to mobile station 31 or to otherremote locations. More details about portable receivers utilizing acommunication link are disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No.5,874,914.

The mobile station 31 may contain a user interface (not shown), whichmay further provide a data input device and a data output device (eachnot shown).

The data input device typically provides data to a processor in responseto receiving input data either manually from a user or automaticallyfrom another electronic device. For manual input, the data input deviceis a keyboard and a mouse, but also may be a touch screen, or amicrophone and a voice recognition application, for example.

The data output device typically provides data from a processor for useby a user or another electronic device. For output to a user, the dataoutput device is a display that generates one or more display images inresponse to receiving the display signals from the processor, but alsomay be a speaker or a printer, for example. Examples of display imagesinclude, for example, text, graphics, video, photos, images, graphs,charts, forms, etc.

The mobile station 31 may also contain a memory device (not shown)representing any type of data storage device, such as computer memorydevices or other tangible or computer-readable storage medium, forexample. The memory device represents one or more memory devices,located at one or more locations, and implemented as one or moretechnologies, depending on the particular implementation of the mobilestation. In addition, the memory device may be any device readable by aprocessor and capable of storing data and/or a series of instructionsembodying a process. Examples of the memory device include, but are notlimited to, RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, PROM, disk (hard or floppy),CD-ROM, DVD, flash memory, etc.

The mobile station 31 may contain a processor (not shown) controllingthe operation of the mobile station 31. The other mobile functions inthe processor represent any or all other functions of the mobile station31 that have not already been described herein. Such other mobilefunctions include, for example, operating the mobile station 31 topermit the mobile station to make telephone calls and communicate data.

The mobile station 31 may contain a portable power supply (not shown),which stores and provides portable electrical energy for the electricalelements of the mobile station 31. Examples of the portable power supplyinclude, but are not limited to, batteries and fuel cells. The portablepower supply may be or may not be rechargeable. The portable powersupply typically has a limited amount of stored electrical energy, andneeds to be replaced or renewed after some amount of use so that themobile station can continue to operate.

The mobile station 31 may be fixed (i.e., stationary) and/or mobile(i.e., portable). The mobile station 31 may be implemented in a varietyof forms including, but not limited to, one or more of the following: apersonal computer (PC), a desktop computer, a laptop computer, aworkstation, a minicomputer, a mainframe, a supercomputer, anetwork-based device, a data processor, a personal digital assistant(PDA), a smart card, a cellular telephone, a pager, and a wristwatch.

Examples of position location applications include an endless variety ofapplications on land, sea, and air. The scientific community uses GPSfor its precision timing capability and position information. Surveyorsuse GPS for an increasing portion of their work. Recreational uses ofposition location are almost as varied as the number of recreationalsports available. Position location is popular among hikers, hunters,mountain bikers, and cross-country skiers, just to name a few. Anyonewho needs to keep track of where he or she is, to find his or her way toa specified location, or know what direction and how fast he or she isgoing can utilize the benefits of the global positioning system.Position location is now commonplace in vehicles as well. Some basicsystems are in place and provide emergency roadside assistance at thepush of a button (e.g., by transmitting your current position to adispatch center). More sophisticated systems also show the vehicle'sposition on a street map. Currently these systems allow a driver to keeptrack of where he or she is and suggest the best route to follow toreach a designated location.

Position location is useful for determining the location of cellularphones in an emergency and for location based services. Deployment ofcellular position location in the United States is the result of theFederal Communications Commissions' (FCC) Enhanced 9-1-1 mandate. Thatmandate requires that for network-based solutions: 100 meters accuracyfor 67 percent of calls, 300 meters accuracy for 95 percent of calls;for handset-based solutions: 50 meters for 67 percent of calls, 150meters for 95 percent of calls. When an emergency call is initiated, anemergency services coordination center—Public Safety Answering Point(PSAP) will make use of the location that is calculated in the MLC. InEurope and Asia deployment is being driven by Location Based Services(LBS), though requirements for emergency service cellular location havebeen or are being established in these regions.

Assisted—GNSS (A-GNSS), otherwise called “expanded” or “extended” GNSS(E-GNSS), extends the concept to other satellite navigation systemsbesides GPS. For example, there may be eighty GNSS satellites orbitingthe planet within ten years, including GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and othersatellites, all transmitting a variety of signals based on differentstandards for each system. This will give a receiver (e.g., eithermobile or fixed) access to many more satellites and their transmittingsignals, which can improve both accuracy and yield of position locationdeterminations. More satellites means that position accuracy is lesssusceptible to satellite geometry and provides greater redundancy whendoing the position calculation.

A simplified GNSS architecture is shown in FIG. 1. A cellular system 12,or other type of wide area reference network (WARN) is a network of GNSSreceivers that are placed geographically over the coverage area of thewireless network. The cellular system 12 collects the broadcastnavigation message from the GNSS satellites, and provides it to anA-GNSS server (e.g., PDE 26) for caching. A mobile station 31 makes anemergency call or a service is invoked that requires location and amessage is sent to the A-GNSS server. The PDE 26 calculates the GNSSassistance data required using the location of one or more base stations22-24, as the approximate location and provides it to the mobile station31.

The different components of an A-GPS server are defined in 3GPP TS23.271, TS 43.059 and TS 25.305. A Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC)is deployed as part of a wireless network and its purpose is todetermine the location of handsets within the network.

The SMLC runs in GSM/GPRS networks and is known as a Standalone SMLC(SAS) in UMTS networks or a SUPL Location Platform (SLP) when supportingdifferent wireless access types with a user plane solution. The SMLC maysupport all handset-based and network-based wireless position locationmethods, including A-GPS in both handset-based and handset-assistedversions.

There are several different specifications (i.e., standards) supportingprotocols for the A-GPS messaging with the handsets. GSM networks usethe RRLP specification. UMTS networks use the Radio Resource Control(RRC) specification. CDMA networks use the TIA IS-801 and 3GPP2 C.S0022specifications. Each of these specifications specifies different ways ofencoding the same basic information, but is specific to the radiotechnology employed. Although the present description describes examples(i.e., examples) for modifying the RRLP specification, the RRCspecification, the IS-801 and C.S0022 specifications or any otherspecification may be modified to achieve the same or similar effects.

As shown in FIG. 1, the RRLP specification includes a measure positionrequest message 36, which provides positioning instructions and possiblyassistance data to the mobile station 31, and a measure positionresponse message 37, which provides the mobile station 31location-estimate or pseudo-range measurements from the mobile station31 to the cellular system 12. The RRC specification, the IS-801/C.S0022specification or any other specification may include request and/orresponse messages to achieve the same or similar effects.

The present invention includes several example embodiments for modifyinga RRLP position measure message that are adaptable for use in one ormore types of GNSS. For purposes of the present invention, the followingdescription will focus on four different examples. Nevertheless, othertypes of modifications to the RRLP position measure message could bemade by one skilled in the art that nevertheless derive from theprinciples set forth in the present application.

The four example modifications are illustrated in Table A, which isshown in FIG. 2. In Table A, the RRLP position measure request message36 and the RRLP position measure response message 37 are represented inthe present RRLP specification in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. Example1 provides a modified RRLP position measure request message and amodified RRLP position measure response message in Tables 3 and 4,respectively. Example 2 provides a modified RRLP position measurerequest message and a modified RRLP position measure response message inTables 5 and 6, respectively. Example 3 provides a modified RRLPposition measure request message and a modified RRLP position measureresponse message in Tables 7 and 8, respectively. Example 4 provides amodified RRLP position measure request message and a modified RRLPposition measure response message in Tables 9 and 10, respectively.

FIG. 3 illustrates a method 38 for modifying the RRLP position measurerequest message 36 and the RRLP position measure response message 37 forthe present RRLP specification in accordance with one of the fourexamples, according to one aspect of the present invention. At block 50the method 38 starts. At block 51, the method 38 identifies the RRLPmeasure position request message 36 (e.g., Table 1). At block 52, themethod 38 modifies the RRLP measure position request message 36 (e.g.,Table 1) according to Example 1 (e.g., Table 3), Example 2 (e.g., Table5), Example 3 (e.g., Table 7), or Example 4 (e.g., Table 9). At block53, the method 38 identifies the RRLP measure position response message37 (e.g., Table 2). At block 54, the method 38 modifies the RRLP measureposition response message 37 (e.g., Table 2) according to Example 1(e.g., Table 4), Example 2 (e.g., Table 6), Example 3 (e.g., Table 8),or Example 4 (e.g., Table 10).

Each of tables 3, 5, 7, and 9 represent a modified RRLP measure positionrequest message for examples 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and includesthe elements of the present RRLP measure position request message, shownin Table 1, as well as new elements 60 to support a second GNSS system(e.g., Galileo). Each of tables 4, 6, 8, and 10 represent a modifiedRRLP measure position response message for examples 1, 2, 3, and 4,respectively, and includes the elements of the present RRLP measureposition response message shown in Table 2, as well as new elements 60for the GNSS system (e.g., Galileo). Reference number 60 generallyidentifies the new elements in each of Tables 3-10, although the newelements in each of those tables may be different. In each of Tables3-10, the present elements are listed first followed by the newelements, although this is not a requirement. Therefore, the beginningof each of Tables 3, 5, 7, and 9 are the same as and includes theelements of Table 1, and the beginning of each of Tables 4, 6, 8, and 10are the same as and includes the elements of Table 2.

Present RRLP Measure Position Request and Response Messages

FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate Table 1 representing the RRLP positionmeasure request message 36 for the present RRLP specification, accordingto one aspect of the present invention. FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate Table2 representing the RRLP position measure response message 37 for apresent RRLP specification, according to one aspect of the presentinvention.

FIGS. 4A, 4B, 5A, and 5B illustrate the present RRLP measure positionrequest and response messages, respectively, as presently described inthe RRLP specification for assisted-GPS (A-GPS), and indicates changesfor the introduction of Galileo into the RRLP specification. The RRLPspecification (TS 44.03 1) is the main GERAN specification, which needsto be modified in order to support Galileo/GNSS. The RRLP specificationcontains the details of the positioning instructions and assistance dataelements.

The RRLP specification includes a measure position request message,which provides positioning instructions and possibly assistance data tothe mobile station 31, and a measure position response message, whichprovides the mobile station 31 location estimate or pseudo-rangemeasurements from the mobile station 31 to the cellular system 12.

The changes needed for the introduction of Galileo/GNSS are summarizedin the rightmost column of Tables 1 and 2. A blank entry in therightmost column indicates that no change is required. The changes shownin the rightmost column are not specific to any particular example(i.e., examples 1-4), and show which existing A-GPS parameters may bereused or may need to be replaced, extended or otherwise modified.

The exemplary modifications to the current RRLP positioning protocolsare described in more detail below with reference to the FIGs. Example 1includes a positioning methodology based on the Galileo satellitesystem. Example 2 includes a genericized GNSS location method thatencapsulate the details of the various constellations (GPS, Galileo, andpotential future satellite navigation or augmentation systems) in newGNSS information elements. Example 3 includes a GNSS locationmethodology that is independent of any Interface Control Document (ICD)of the particular constellation. Example 4 includes a hybrid methodologythat combines the advantages of Examples 2 and 3, in particular.

For purposes of the present disclosure, the number of “>” symbols inTables 1 through 10 indicates a hierarchical level of a field within theASN.1 encoding.

The first example methodology is now described with reference to FIGS.6A to 6D, which illustrate Table 3 representing a modified RRLP positionmeasure request message in accordance with example 1, according to oneaspect of the present invention. FIGS. 7A to 7D illustrate Table 4representing a modified RRLP position measure response message inaccordance with example 1, according to one aspect of the presentinvention.

As shown in FIG. 6, the modified RRLP measure position request messageincludes in its top level a set of positioning instructions, GPSassistance data, a GPS time assistance measurement request, GPSreference time, and a velocity request. The set of positioninginstructions includes a method type, such a mobile station-based and-assisted, positioning methods, response time, accuracy, and multiplesets. The positioning methods can include E-OTD, GPS or a combinationthereof. The response time defines the time available for the mobilestation to respond to the request message, and the accuracy defines theaccuracy parameters of the request message. The multiple sets parameterindicates whether one or more than one measurement of the position ispermitted and/or desired.

The GPS assistance data also includes a number of parameters, such asfor example a reference time, a reference location, DGPS corrections, anavigation model, an ionospheric model, a UTC model, an almanac,acquisition assistance and real time integrity parameters. The referencetime can include for example GPS-time of week (TOW), TOW-GSM timerelationship and time recovery assistance. The reference location caninclude three-dimensional location with uncertainty. The DGPScorrections can include pseudo-range and pseudo-range rate correctionsusable by the mobile station. The navigation model can include ephemerisand clock correction parameters, as well as certain bits of a GPSnavigation message. The ionospheric model can include both alpha andbeta ionospheric model parameters, and the UTC model can include GPS UTCmodel parameters. The almanac can include for example a GPS almanac orany other suitable almanac. The acquisition assistance can includereference time information, predicted code-phase as well as Doppler andsearch windows. The real time integrity parameter can include a signalor other indication of whether any satellites within the GNSSconstellation are inoperable or unsuitable for the requiredmeasurements.

The GPS time assistance measurement request can include means, such as awarning signal or other indication as to whether or not the mobilestation is requested to report the GPS-GSM time relationship. The GPSreference time uncertainty is a measurement of the uncertainty in theGPS-GSM time relationship usable by the mobile station in reporting theGPS-GSM time relationship and in other measurements consistent with thepresent invention. The velocity request can include means, such as awarning signal or other indication as to whether or not the mobilestation is requested to provide a velocity estimate in addition to alocation estimate.

In Example 1, new elements 60 are added to the present RRLPspecification in order to make it compatible with the Galileo GNSS. Onesuitable additional element is the GNSS positioning methods, which caninclude for example a bit map indicating the allowed GNSS methodscorresponding to an allowance of all GNSS positioning methods in theexisting positioning methods information element (IE). For example, bitone of the bit map can include GPS methodologies, bit two can includeGalileo methodologies, and bits three and above can be reserved forfuture GNSS methodologies. Accordingly, each of the new positioningmethods, Galileo and future systems, can have its own IE.

Another suitable additional element is Galileo assistance data, whichcan also include Galileo reference time parameter, a reference locationparameter, a Galileo differential correction parameter, a Galileonavigation model parameter, a Galileo ionospheric model, a Galileo UTCmodel, a Galileo almanac, a Galileo acquisition assistance parameter, aGalileo real-time integrity parameter and a GPS-Galileo time offset(GGTO) parameter.

The Galileo reference time parameter can include Galileo TOW and aTOW-GSM time relationship, as well as time recovery assistanceparameters. The reference location parameter can includethree-dimensional location data with uncertainty. The Galileodifferential correction parameter can include pseudo-range andpseudo-range rate corrections for Galileo SVs. The Galileo navigationmodel can include ephemeris and clock correction parameters for theGalileo satellite constellation, as well as additional reserved bits forsignal transmission/receipt. The Galileo ionospheric model can includeparameters related to the ionospheric effects of transmission/receipt ofsignals by the Galileo constellation of satellites. Alternatively, themethodology of example one can use one or both of the Galileo or GPSionospheric models. Similarly, the Galileo UTC model and almanac cancontain parameters related to the Galileo GNSS. The Galileo acquisitionassistance parameters can include Galileo reference time information,predicted code-phase and Doppler data related to Galileo-type signals.The Galileo real-time integrity can include information and/or warningsignals related to the availability and/or operability of the Galileosatellites. The GGTO parameter can include one or more parameters forconverting Galileo time to GPS time.

The new information elements 60 can also include a Galileo timeassistance measurement request, such as for example a warning signal orflag to inform the mobile station if it is requested to report theGalileo-GSM time relationship. In the event that the mobile stationreceives requests for both GPS time assistance and Galileo timeassistance, the mobile station can select which time assistancemeasurements to provide. Alternatively, the IEs for additionalpositioning methods and Galileo time assistance measurement requests canbe combined into a single additional positioning instructions IE.

The new information elements 60 can also include a Galileo referencetime uncertainty parameter, which includes data indicating theuncertainty in the relationship between Galileo and GSM time.Alternatively, the Galileo reference time uncertainty parameter can beincluded in the Galileo reference time and/or Galileo acquisitionassistance parameters.

FIGS. 8 and 9 include Table 4, which illustrates modifications to a RRLPmeasure position response message in accordance with Example 1. As showntherein, the measure position response message includes a multiple setsparameter, a location information parameter, a GPS measurementinformation parameter, a location information error parameter, a GPStime assistance measurements parameter and a velocity estimateparameter.

The multiple sets parameter can include information as to the number ofmeasurement sets sent by the mobile station, which can range between oneand at least three sets per request. The location information parametercan include a reference frame number such as for example the serving BTSframe number. The location information parameter can also include a GPSTOW time stamp and a location estimate that can be provided with orwithout uncertainty measurements.

The GPS measurement information can include a frame number, such as theserving BTS frame number, as well as a GPS TOW. The GPS measurementinformation can also include one or more measurements and/or measurementparameters, including for example an SV identification, a C/N_(o)(signal velocity/index of refraction) value, a Doppler value, a wholechip code phase measurement, a fractional chip code phase measurement, amultipath indicator and a root-mean-square (RMS) pseudo-range errormeasurement.

The measure position response message can also include a locationinformation error parameter, which can include data, parameters and/ormessages conveying an error in the location information due to variouserror reasons, including requests for additional assistance data. Themeasure position response message can also include a velocity estimate,with or without uncertainty values, for the mobile station.

The measure position response message can also include GPS timeassistance measurement parameters. The GPS time assistance measurementparameters can include a most significant bit (MSB) of the referenceframe value, which includes the MSB for a frame number in the locationinformation parameter or GPS measurement information parameter, both ofwhich are described above. The GPS time assistance measurementsparameter can also include a submillisecond GPS TOW portion of the GPSTOW, as well as a Delta TOW value indicating the millisecond differencebetween the reported GPS TOW and the SV time of the first reportedsatellite. The GPS time assistance measurements parameter can furtherinclude a GPS reference time uncertainty, which can include anyuncertainty in the GPS-GSM time relationship as measured.

The measure position response message of Example 1 also includes aplurality of new information elements 60, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. Onesuitable additional element is additional location information, whichcan include for example a new IE for the response message todifferentiate it from the existing location information, which isstamped with the GPS TOW. The additional location information parametercan further include a reference frame number for the serving BTS framenumber, as well as a Galileo TOW time stamp and a location estimate,with or without the associated uncertainty values.

Another suitable additional element is Galileo measurement information,which can be included with or without the GPS measurement informationnoted above. The Galileo measurement information can include a framenumber, such as a serving BTS frame number. The frame number can beincluded in systems employing only a Galileo receiver or onlyGalileo-type measurements, but is not necessary in systems including GPSreceivers and/or measurements as well. The Galileo measurementinformation can also include a Galileo TOW time stamp, which is ofparticular use for systems employing only a Galileo receiver and/ormeasurements. In systems having combined GPS-Galileo combined receiversand/or measurements, the method can alternatively use the GPS TOWmeasurement to time tag the Galileo code phase measurement. The Galileomeasurement information can also include measurement parameters. In theevent that the system is reporting GPS measurement information as well,then only the measurement parameters are needed to constitute theGalileo measurement information.

The Galileo measurement parameters can include one or more measurementsand/or measurement parameters, including for example an SVidentification, a C/N_(o) (signal velocity/index of refraction) value, aDoppler value, a Galileo whole chip code phase measurement, a Galileofractional chip code phase measurement, a multipath indicator and a RMSpseudo-range error measurement.

The new information elements 60 can also include additional locationinformation error, which can be for example additional Galileo-specificerror codes such as a Galileo assistance data request. Another newinformation element 60 can include Galileo time assistance measurements,which includes the Galileo-GSM time relation, all of which can beincluded in the Galileo measurement information and additional locationinformation parameters. The Galileo time assistance measurements caninclude a MSB of the reference frame value, which includes the MSB for aframe number in the location information parameter or Galileomeasurement information parameter, both of which are described above.The Galileo time assistance measurements parameter can also include asubmillisecond Galileo TOW portion of the Galileo TOW, as well as aDelta TOW value indicating the millisecond difference between thereported Galileo TOW and the SV time of the first reported satellite.The Galileo time assistance measurements parameter can further include aGalileo reference time uncertainty, which can include any uncertainty inthe Galileo-GSM time relationship as measured.

The new information elements 60 of Example 1 described with reference toFIGS. 6 through 9 can be embodied for example in Release 7 extensioncontainers. The methodology of Example 1 may be implemented within anysystem, mobile station or location server as described herein. Tables 3and 4 should be understood to constitute only one suitable exampleimplementation of the methodology of Example 1.

Another example methodology for modifying RRLP position measure requestand response messages is found in FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C, 9A, 9B, and 9C,which describe Example 2 noted above. FIGS. 8A to 8C illustrate Table 5representing a modified RRLP position measure request message inaccordance with Example 2, according to one aspect of the presentinvention. FIGS. 9A to 9C illustrate Table 6 representing a RRLPposition measure response message in accordance with Example 2,according to one aspect of the present invention. In Example 2, a newlocation method “GNSS” is introduced, and GPS and/or Galileo specificinformation elements are encapsulated in GNSS information elements.

As shown in FIGS. 8A to 8C, the modified RRLP measure position requestmessage of Example 2 includes in its top level a set of positioninginstructions, GPS assistance data, a GPS time assistance measurementrequest, GPS reference time, and a velocity request. The set ofpositioning instructions includes a method type, such a mobilestation-based and assisted, positioning methods, response time,accuracy, and multiple sets. The positioning methods can include E-OTD,GPS or a combination thereof. The response time defines the timeavailable for the mobile station to respond to the request message, andthe accuracy defines the accuracy parameters of the request message. Themultiple sets parameter indicates whether one or more than onemeasurement of the position is permitted and/or desired.

The GPS assistance data also includes a number of parameters, such asfor example a reference time, a reference location, DGPS corrections, anavigation model, an ionospheric model, a UTC model, an almanac,acquisition assistance and real time integrity parameters. The referencetime can include for example GPS-time of week (TOW), TOW-GSM timerelationship and time recovery assistance. The reference location caninclude three-dimensional location with uncertainty. The DGPScorrections can include pseudo-range and pseudo-range rate correctionsusable by the mobile station. The navigation model can include ephemerisand clock correction parameters, as well as certain bits of a GPSnavigation message. The ionospheric model can include both alpha andbeta ionospheric model parameters, and the UTC model can include GPS UTCmodel parameters. The almanac can include for example a GPS almanac orany other suitable almanac. The acquisition assistance can includereference time information, predicted code-phase as well as Doppler andsearch windows. The real time integrity parameter can include a signalor other indication of whether any satellites within the GNSSconstellation are inoperable or unsuitable for the requiredmeasurements.

The GPS time assistance measurement request can include means, such as awarning signal or other indication as to whether or not the mobilestation is requested to report the GPS-GSM time relationship. The GPSreference time uncertainty is a measurement of the uncertainty in theGPS-GSM time relationship usable by the mobile station in reporting theGPS-GSM time relationship and in other measurements consistent with thepresent invention. The velocity request can include means, such as awarning signal or other indication as to whether or not the mobilestation is requested to provide a velocity estimate in addition to alocation estimate.

The modified RRLP measure position request message can also includeadditional information elements 60, shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. Onesuitable additional element is additional positioning methods, which caninclude for example GNSS or E-OTD/GNSS methods, each of which can haveits own unique IE. In one alternative, the different GNSS positioningmethods can be distinguished using a bit map indicating the allowed GNSSmethods corresponding to an allowance of all GNSS positioning methods inthe existing positioning methods information element (IE). For example,bit one of the bit map can include GPS methodologies, bit two caninclude Galileo methodologies, and bits three and above can be reservedfor future GNSS methodologies.

Other suitable additional information elements 60 include GNSSassistance data, GNSS time assistance measurement request, and GNSSreference time uncertainty. The GNSS assistance data can include areference location, such as a three-dimensional location withuncertainty values, independent of the constellation for which it isneeded. The GNSS assistance data can further include, for each of theGPS and Galileo constellations, a constellation identification, a GNSSreference time, one or more GNSS differential corrections, a GNSSnavigation model, a GNSS ionospheric model, a GNSS UTC model, a GNSSalmanac, GNSS acquisition assistance and GNSS real time integrity.

The GNSS time assistance measurement request can include a method ormeans for indicating whether if the mobile station is requested toreport the Galileo-GSM or GPS-GSM time relationship. Alternatively, theGNSS time assistance measurement request can be included in theAdditional positioning methods in its own unique IE. The GNSS timeassistance measurement request can also include a constellationidentification parameter, which indicates whether GPS or Galileo timeassistance measurements are required. Alternatively, the mobile stationcan be configured to determine which time, Galileo or GPS, to use.

The GNSS reference time uncertainty parameter can include means and/ormethods for determining the uncertainty of the Galileo-GSM and/orGPS-GSM time relationship. Alternatively, the GNSS reference timeuncertainty parameter can be included in the GNSS assistance dataparameter, noted above. The GNSS reference time parameter can alsoinclude a constellation identification parameter, which identifies theconstellation for which the reference time uncertainty is determined.

The modified RRLP measure position response message for Example 2 isshown in FIGS. 12 and 13. As shown therein, the measure positionresponse message includes a multiple sets parameter, a locationinformation parameter, a GPS measurement information parameter, alocation information error parameter, a GPS time assistance measurementsparameter and a velocity estimate parameter.

The multiple sets parameter can include information as to the number ofmeasurement sets sent by the mobile station, which can range between oneand at least three sets per request. The location information parametercan include a reference frame number such as for example the serving BTSframe number. The location information parameter can also include a GPSTOW time stamp and a location estimate that can be provided with orwithout uncertainty measurements.

The GPS measurement information can include a frame number, such as theserving BTS frame number, as well as a GPS TOW. The GPS measurementinformation can also include one or more measurements and/or measurementparameters, including for example an SV identification, a C/N_(o)(signal velocity/index of refraction) value, a Doppler value, a wholechip code phase measurement, a fractional chip code phase measurement, amultipath indicator and a root-mean-square (RMS) pseudo-range errormeasurement.

The measure position response message can also include a locationinformation error parameter, which can include data, parameters and/ormessages conveying an error in the location information due to variouserror reasons, including requests for additional assistance data. Themeasure position response message can also include a velocity estimate,with or without uncertainty values, for the mobile station.

The measure position response message can also include GPS timeassistance measurement parameters. The GPS time assistance measurementparameters can include a most significant bit (MSB) of the referenceframe value, which includes the MSB for a frame number in the locationinformation parameter or GPS measurement information parameter, both ofwhich are described above. The GPS time assistance measurementsparameter can also include a submillisecond GPS TOW portion of the GPSTOW, as well as a Delta TOW value indicating the millisecond differencebetween the reported GPS TOW and the SV time of the first reportedsatellite. The GPS time assistance measurements parameter can furtherinclude a GPS reference time uncertainty, which can include anyuncertainty in the GPS-GSM time relationship as measured.

In Example 2, the RRLP measure position response message can include aplurality of additional information elements 60 depicted in FIGS. 12 and13. One suitable additional information element is a GNSS locationinformation protocol, which can include a combination of locationestimate, with or without an uncertainty value, and time assistanceinformation. Alternatively, the GNSS location information protocol canbe introduced in distinct elements as is the case in some A-GPSstandards. The GNSS location information can also include a referenceframe number corresponding to the serving BTS frame number and a MSB ofthe reference frame number.

Another additional information element 60 can be a constellationidentification, which identifies the constellation for which the timeassistance measurement/location time stamp are given. As such, theconstellation identification can further include a TOW time stamp, whichcan be combined into a submicrosecond TOW measurement. The constellationidentification can also include a reference time uncertainty parameterthat includes the uncertainty inherent in the time assistancemeasurement.

Another additional information element 60 can include a GNSS measurementinformation parameter, which can be a combined measurement informationand time assistance measurement parameter. Alternatively, themeasurement information and time assistance measurement parameters ofthe GNSS measurement parameter can be introduced separately in a mannersimilar to the existing A-GPS standard. The GNSS measurement parametercan include for example a frame number, a MSB of the frame number and,for each constellation, a constellation identification, a TOW value, adelta TOW value, a reference time uncertainty and one or moremeasurement parameters. The one or more measurement parameters caninclude an SV identification, a C/N_(o) (signal velocity/index ofrefraction) value, a Doppler value, a whole chip code phase measurement,a fractional chip code phase measurement, a multipath indicator and aroot-mean-square (RMS) pseudo-range error measurement.

Another additional information element 60 can include a GNSS locationinformation error parameter, which can include various error reasons andGNSS assistance data requests.

The modifications required according to Example 2 for the RRLPspecification can be embodied in Release 7 extension containers. Themethodology of Example 2 may be implemented in several ways, one exampleof which is the methodology described above. The methodology of Example2 is particularly well suited in the event that common ASN.1 encoding isused for both GPS and Galileo.

The methodology of the present invention can also be performed inaccordance with the protocols set forth in Example 3. Example 3 issimilar to example 2 (i.e. a new positioning method “GNSS” isintroduced), but the approach is kept generic in terms of structure aswell as in terms of constellation data. Assistance data elements andmeasurement results will not be specific to any ICD.

Instead of using the satellite navigation data as such or re-using andexpanding the A-GPS concept, the positioning assistance data arespecifically generated for A-GNSS capable terminals. For example, anavigation model will be encoded independent of GPS or Galileo Ephemerisparameters, wherein any orbit model for medium earth orbit (MEO)satellites would suffice. Time is independent of GPS or Galileo time ofweek (TOW), e.g. universal time coordinate (UTC) could be used, etc.

In Example 3 there is no need to explicitly distinguish individualconstellations. The different constellations still need to bedistinguished somehow, since the GPS/Galileo receiver needs to beenabled to measure the GPS and Galileo specific signals. An example isoutlined below in Tables 7 and 8, which are shown in FIGS. 10A, 10B,11A, and 11C.

As shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the modified RRLP measure positionrequest message includes in its top level a set of positioninginstructions, a GPS time assistance measurement request, GPS referencetime uncertainty, and a velocity request. The set of positioninginstructions includes a method type, such a mobile station-based andassisted, positioning methods, response time, ionospheric model, UTCmodel, almanac, acquisition assistance and real-time integrity. Thepositioning methods can include E-OTD, GPS or a combination thereof. Theresponse time defines the time available for the mobile station torespond to the request message. The GPS ionospheric model includes bothalpha and beta parameters, and the UTC parameter includes the GPS UTCparameters. The acquisition assistance parameters can include referencetime information, predicted code-phase, Doppler and search windows. Asnoted above, the realtime integrity parameter includes a warning orother signal as to the status of any inoperable or unavailablesatellites.

The GPS time assistance measurement request can include a flag or otherwarning signal indicating whether or not the mobile station is requestedto report the GPS-GSM time relationship. The GPS reference timeuncertainty parameter can include a value of the uncertainty in theGPS-GSM time relationship. The velocity request can include another flagor other warning signal indicating whether or not the mobile station isrequested to provide a velocity estimate in addition to a locationestimate.

The RRLP measure position request message of Example 3 can also includea plurality of additional information elements 60. One suitableadditional information element 60 is an additional positioning methodsparameter, which can include other positioning methods such as GNSS,E-OTD or a combination thereof. In one variation of Example 3, thedifferent positioning methods GNSS or E-OTD/GNSS methods, can have itsown unique IE. Alternatively, the different GNSS positioning methods canbe distinguished using a bit map indicating the allowed GNSS methodscorresponding to an allowance of all GNSS positioning methods in theexisting positioning methods information element (IE). For example, bitone of the bit map can include GPS methodologies, bit two can includeGalileo methodologies, and bits three and above can be reserved forfuture GNSS methodologies.

Another additional information element 60 can include a GNSS assistancedata parameter. The GNSS assistance data parameter can include areference location parameter for determining three-dimensional locationwith uncertainty and a reference time parameter for determining arelationship between two or more clocks, such as UTC and GSM. The GNSSassistance data parameter can also include a differential correctionsparameter and a navigation model, wherein the navigation model isderived from any medium earth orbit (MEO) model. Additionally, the GNSSassistance data parameter can include an ionospheric model, a UTC modelfor transferring UTC parameters to one or both of a GPS or Galileoclock, and a MEO orbit model almanac. The GNSS assistance data parametercan also include an acquisition assistance value, which can be encodedin suitable physical units such as Hertz, meters, seconds, and the like,and a real time integrity parameter for determining the functionality ofthe satellites in the constellations.

Another additional information element 60 can include a GNSS timeassistance measurement request. The GNSS time assistance measurementrequest can include a flag or warning signal to indicate to the mobilestation if it is requested to report the UTC-GSM time relationship. Inone alternative, the GNSS time assistance measurement request can beembodied in the additional positioning methods parameter in anadditional positioning instructions IE.

A RRLP measure position response message in accordance with Example 3 isshown in FIGS. 11A to 11C. As shown therein, the measure positionresponse message includes a multiple sets parameter, a locationinformation parameter, a GPS measurement information parameter, alocation information error parameter, a GPS time assistance measurementsparameter and a velocity estimate parameter.

The multiple sets parameter can include information as to the number ofmeasurement sets sent by the mobile station, which can range between oneand at least three sets per request. The location information parametercan include a reference frame number such as for example the serving BTSframe number. The location information parameter can also include a GPSTOW time stamp and a location estimate that can be provided with orwithout uncertainty measurements.

The GPS measurement information can include a frame number, such as theserving BTS frame number, as well as a GPS TOW. The GPS measurementinformation can also include one or more measurements and/or measurementparameters, including for example an SV identification, a C/N_(o)(signal velocity/index of refraction) value, a Doppler value, a wholechip code phase measurement, a fractional chip code phase measurement, amultipath indicator and a RMS pseudo-range error measurement.

The measure position response message can also include a locationinformation error parameter, which can include data, parameters and/ormessages conveying an error in the location information due to variouserror reasons, including requests for additional assistance data. Themeasure position response message can also include a velocity estimate,with or without uncertainty values, for the mobile station.

The measure position response message can also include GPS timeassistance measurement parameters. The GPS time assistance measurementparameters can include a most significant bit (MSB) of the referenceframe value, which includes the MSB for a frame number in the locationinformation parameter or GPS measurement information parameter, both ofwhich are described above. The GPS time assistance measurementsparameter can also include a submillisecond GPS TOW portion of the GPSTOW, as well as a Delta TOW value indicating the millisecond differencebetween the reported GPS TOW and the SV time of the first reportedsatellite. The GPS time assistance measurements parameter can furtherinclude a GPS reference time uncertainty, which can include anyuncertainty in the GPS-GSM time relationship as measured.

The RRLP measure position response message can also include a pluralityof additional information elements 60, shown in FIGS. 11A to 11C. Theadditional information elements 60 can include a GNSS locationparameter, a GNSS measurement information parameter, and a GNSS locationinformation error parameter. The GNSS location parameter functions tocombine location estimates and time assistance measurements.Alternatively, each of these values can be incorporated separately as inthe current A-GPS standard. The GNSS location information parameter caninclude a reference frame number, such as the serving BTS frame number,and a UTC parameter that functions as a generic time stamp. The GNSSlocation information parameter can also include a reference timeuncertainty parameter for valuing the uncertainty of the measuredUTC-GSM time relationship and a locate on estimate parameter for valuingthe location estimate with or without uncertainty.

The GNSS measurement information parameter also functions to combinelocation estimates and time assistance measurements. As before, each ofthese values can be incorporated separately as in the current A-GPSstandard. The GNSS measurement information parameter can also include aUTC time stamp, a reference time uncertainty of the measured UTC-GSMtime relationship and a plurality of measurement parameters. Theplurality of measurement parameters can include for example an SVidentification, which can be defined in 3GPP identifications, a C/N_(o)(signal velocity/index of refraction) value, a Doppler value, apseudo-range value (e.g. in meters), a multipath indicator and aroot-mean-square (RMS) pseudo-range error measurement.

Another additional information element 60 can include a GNSS locationinformation error parameter, which can include various error reasons andGNSS assistance data requests.

Another alternative methodology of the present invention is described inExample 4, which is shown in FIGS. 12A, 12B, 12C, 13A and 13B. Examples2 and 3 described above introduce a generic “Global Navigation SatelliteSystem (GNSS).” Example 3 has also the advantage that it is independentof a specific ICD; and therefore, future satellite systems would besupported with minimal or no changes required to the specification.

In Example 4, Galileo or any other GNSS system is added using theexisting A-GPS information elements. Instead of defining either newGalileo (or other GNSS) specific information elements (e.g., examples 1and 2) or new GNSS information elements (e.g., example 3), the existingA-GPS information elements are used also for Galileo satellite vehicles(SV) by introducing new Galileo specific SV-IDs. The existing SV-IDs1-64 are used for GPS satellites only, and additional SV-IDs, e.g.65-128 are reserved for Galileo. Sufficient additional SV-IDs aredefined to enable future satellite navigation systems being addedeasily.

Galileo and envisioned future information elements may be converted tometers, seconds, radians, Hz, etc, which in turn can be converted to theexisting GPS units and formats. Since the existing GPS informationelement parameters have adequate range to cover any comparable satellitesystems, such conversions are possible.

Time dependent assistance data for the new Galileo SV-IDs can either betranslated to GPS time, or can use Galileo time together with conversionparameters GPS to Galileo time offset (GGTO). Either the location serveror MS can perform the conversion to a common GPS time frame. Themethodology of Example 4 does not require a third time scale, such asUTC, since any navigation time frame can be translated to UTC and inturn to GPS time.

Since the existing SV-ID in ASN.1 is not extensible, a new “additionalSV-ID” can be defined, covering IDs up to e.g., 255 (or 511 or 1023),which allows future GNSSs or augmentation systems to be added. Allexisting GPS assistance data which are SV dependent are defined in an“Additional Assistance Data” IE applicable for SV-IDs greater than 64.The encoding of the “Additional Assistance Data” IE is exactly the sameas the current Assistance Data IEs for GPS. Hence, the impact onexisting protocols and implementations is minimal, but the approach isstill generic.

As shown in 12A to 12C, the RRLP measure position request message inExample 4 can include in its top level a set of positioninginstructions, GPS assistance data, GPS time assistance data, GPSreference time uncertainty, and a velocity request. The set ofpositioning instructions includes a method type, such a mobilestation-based and -assisted, positioning methods, response time,accuracy, and multiple sets. The positioning methods can include E-OTD,GPS or a combination thereof. The response time defines the timeavailable for the mobile station to respond to the request message, andthe accuracy defines the accuracy parameters of the request message. Themultiple sets parameter indicates whether one or more than onemeasurement of the position is permitted and/or desired.

The GPS assistance data also includes a number of parameters, such asfor example a reference time, a reference location, DGPS corrections, anavigation model, an ionospheric model, a UTC model, an almanac,acquisition assistance and real time integrity parameters that can beincorporated in existing A-GPS methods. The reference time can includefor example GPS-time of week (TOW), TOW-GSM time relationship and timerecovery assistance. The reference location can includethree-dimensional location with uncertainty. The DGPS corrections caninclude pseudo-range and pseudo-range rate corrections usable by themobile station for GPS SV 1-64. The navigation model can includeephemeris and clock correction parameters, as well as certain bits of aGPS navigation message for GPS SV 1-64. The ionospheric model caninclude both alpha and beta ionospheric model parameters, and the UTCmodel can include GPS UTC model parameters. The almanac can include forexample a GPS almanac or any other suitable almanac for GPS SV 1-64. Theacquisition assistance can include reference time information, predictedcode-phase as well as Doppler and search windows for GPS SV 1-64. Thereal time integrity parameter can include a signal or other indicationof whether any satellites within the GPS constellation 1-64 areinoperable or unsuitable for the required measurements.

The GPS time assistance measurement request can include means, such as awarning signal or other indication as to whether or not the mobilestation is requested to report the GPS-GSM time relationship. The GPSreference time uncertainty is a measurement of the uncertainty in theGPS-GSM time relationship usable by the mobile station in reporting theGPS-GSM time relationship and in other measurements consistent with thepresent invention. The velocity request can include means, such as awarning signal or other indication as to whether or not the mobilestation is requested to provide a velocity estimate in addition to alocation estimate.

In Example 4, the RRLP measure position request message can includeadditional information elements 60 as shown in FIG. 18. The additionalinformation elements 60 can include an additional positioning methodsparameter, which can include for example a bit map indicating theallowed GNSS methods corresponding to an allowance of all GNSSpositioning methods in the existing positioning methods informationelement (IE). For example, bit one of the bit map can include GPSmethodologies, bit two can include Galileo methodologies, and bits threeand above can be reserved for future GNSS methodologies. Accordingly,each of the new positioning methods, Galileo and future systems, canhave its own IE.

The additional information elements 60 can further include an additionalassistance data parameter, which can include additional differentialcorrections, an additional navigation model, an additional almanac, anadditional acquisition assistance parameter, an additional real-timeintegrity parameter, and a GGTO parameter. The additional differentialcorrections can include pseudo-range and pseudo-range rate correctionsfor additional SVs, i.e. Galileo SVs. The additional differentialcorrections can be coded in the same manner as in the GPS GNSS, forexample by using GPS TOW as the reference time. The additionalnavigation model can include ephemeris and clock correction parametersfor the additional SVs. The clock correction parameters can beconstellation time relative to GGTO, i.e. Galileo to GGTO, or GPS timespecific in cases in which GGTO is used at the location server.

The additional almanac can include additional almanac parameters thatare encoded in the same manner as for the GPS GNSS. Similarly, theadditional acquisition assistance can include reference timeinformation, predicted code phase and Doppler values. The additionalacquisition assistance can be encoded in the same manner as GPS values,for example with ranges expressed in GPS CA-code phase, integer codephase, bit number, and the like. The real time integrity parameter caninclude a means or method for notifying the mobile station as to whetherany of the additional SVs are inoperable or otherwise unsuitable foruse. The GGTO parameter can include a set of parameters for convertingGalileo time to GPS time, which can be advantageous if the locationserver is not operating a GGTO with respect to GPS time.

A RRLP measure position response message in accordance with Example 4 isshown in FIGS. 12A to 12C and 13A to 13B. As shown therein, the measureposition response message includes a multiple sets parameter, a locationinformation parameter, a GPS measurement information parameter, alocation information error parameter, a GPS time assistance measurementsparameter and a velocity estimate parameter.

The multiple sets parameter can include information as to the number ofmeasurement sets sent by the mobile station, which can range between oneand at least three sets per request. The location information parametercan include a reference frame number such as for example the serving BTSframe number. The location information parameter can also include a GPSTOW time stamp and a location estimate that can be provided with orwithout uncertainty measurements.

The GPS measurement information can include a frame number, such as theserving BTS frame number, as well as a GPS TOW. The GPS measurementinformation can also include one or more measurements and/or measurementparameters, including for example an SV identification for SVs 1-64, aC/N_(o) (signal velocity/index of refraction) value, a Doppler value, awhole chip code phase measurement, a fractional chip code phasemeasurement, a multipath indicator and a RMS pseudo-range errormeasurement.

The measure position response message can also include a locationinformation error parameter, which can include data, parameters and/ormessages conveying an error in the location information due to variouserror reasons, including requests for additional assistance data. Themeasure position response message can also include a velocity estimate,with or without uncertainty values, for the mobile station.

The measure position response message can also include GPS timeassistance measurement parameters. The GPS time assistance measurementparameters can include a most significant bit (MSB) of the referenceframe value, which includes the MSB for a frame number in the locationinformation parameter or GPS measurement information parameter, both ofwhich are described above. The GPS time assistance measurementsparameter can also include a submillisecond GPS TOW portion of the GPSTOW, as well as a Delta TOW value indicating the millisecond differencebetween the reported GPS TOW and the SV time of the first reportedsatellite. The GPS time assistance measurements parameter can furtherinclude a GPS reference time uncertainty, which can include anyuncertainty in the GPS-GSM time relationship as measured.

The RRLP measure position response message of Example 4 can also includea plurality of additional information elements 60, such as for exampleadditional measurement information for the additional SVs. Theadditional measurement information can include a frame number, such as aserving BTS frame number, which can be included in response to therebeing no measurements reported for GPS SVs 1-64. The additionalinformation can also include a GPS TOW time stamp, which can also beincluded in response to there being no measurements reported for GPS SVs1-64.

The additional measurement information can also include a plurality ofmeasurement parameter, including for example an SV identification forSVs 65 and higher (i.e. Galileo SVs), a C/N_(o) (signal velocity/indexof refraction) value, a Doppler value, a whole chip code phasemeasurement of C/A-code chips, a fractional chip code phase measurementof C/A-code chips, a multipath indicator and a RMS pseudo-range errormeasurement. To the extent that any constellation specific code phasemeasurements are used, they can be converted to C/A-code GPS chips inaccordance with the methodology of Example 4.

The methodology of Example 4 can be implemented in a number of ways inaddition to those described above. Some new ASN.1 coding may be avoidedby specifying rules for creating RRLP segments. For example, a newconstellation ID parameter (or possibly an SV ID increment) can beincluded in any RRLP component that contains constellation specificdata. Data for more than one constellation would then not be included inthe same RRLP component. This would enable re-use of existing GPS ASN.1parameters for any constellation, and avoid defining new ASN.1parameters for any additional constellations.

The system, elements, and/or processes contained herein may beimplemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both, and mayinclude one or more processors. A processor is a device and/or set ofmachine-readable instructions for performing task. A processor may beany device, capable of executing a series of instructions embodying aprocess, including but not limited to a computer, a microprocessor, acontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), finitestate machine, digital signal processor (DSP), or some other mechanism.The processor includes any combination of hardware, firmware, and/orsoftware. The processor acts upon stored and/or received information bycomputing, manipulating, analyzing, modifying, converting, ortransmitting information for use by an executable application orprocedure or an information device, and/or by routing the information toan output device.

An executable application comprises machine code or machine readableinstruction for implementing predetermined functions including, forexample, those of an operating system, a software application program,or other information processing system, for example, in response usercommand or input.

An executable procedure is a segment of code (i.e., machine readableinstruction), sub-routine, or other distinct section of code or portionof an executable application for performing one or more particularprocesses, and may include performing operations on received inputparameters (or in response to received input parameters) and providingresulting output parameters.

In various embodiments, hardwired circuitry may be used in combinationwith software instructions to implement the present invention. Thus, thetechniques are not limited to any specific combination of hardwarecircuitry and software, or to any particular source for the instructionsexecuted by the data processing system. In addition, throughout thisdescription, various functions and operations are described as beingperformed by or caused by software code to simplify description.However, those skilled in the art will recognize what is meant by suchexpressions is that the functions result from execution of the code by aprocessor.

It will be apparent from this description that aspects of the presentinvention may be embodied, at least in part, in software. That is, thetechniques may be carried out in a computer system or other dataprocessing system in response to its processor executing sequences ofinstructions contained in a machine-readable medium.

A machine-readable medium includes any mechanism that provides (i.e.,stores and/or transmits) information in a form accessible by a machine(e.g., a computer, network device, personal digital assistant, computer,data processor, manufacturing tool, any device with a set of one or moreprocessors, etc.). A machine-readable medium can be used to storesoftware and data which, when executed by a data processing system,causes the system to perform various methods of the present invention.Portions of this executable software and/or data may be stored invarious places.

For example, a machine-readable medium includesrecordable/non-recordable media (e.g., read only memory (ROM), randomaccess memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media,flash memory devices, non-volatile memory, cache, remote storage device,etc.), as well as electrical, optical, acoustical or other forms ofpropagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digitalsignals, etc.), etc.

The present invention has been described above with reference tospecific exemplary embodiments thereof. It will be evident that variousmodifications may be made thereto without departing from the broaderspirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in anillustrative sense rather than a restrictive sense.

1. A method of communication between a mobile station and a locationserver, comprising: receiving, at the mobile station, a request for ameasure position response message; and transmitting the measure positionresponse message from the mobile station to the location server, whereinthe measure position response message comprises: (a) first measurementinformation representing measurement information for a first navigationsatellite system (NSS); and (b) second measurement informationrepresenting measurement information for a second NSS and correspondingto the first measurement information for the first NSS.
 2. The method ofclaim 1, wherein each of the first measurement information representingmeasurement information for the first NSS and the second measurementinformation representing measurement information for the second NSS,further comprises at least one of the following elements: a framenumber, a global positioning system (GPS) time of week (TOW), or atleast one of a plurality of measurement parameters.
 3. The method ofclaim 2, wherein the plurality of measurement parameters comprises asatellite vehicle identification (SV ID), a signal velocity to index ofrefraction (C/N_(o)) measurement, a Doppler measurement, a code phasemeasurement, a multi-path indicator, and a root-mean squared (RMS)pseudo-range error measurement.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein thefirst measurement information representing measurement information forthe first NSS comprises measurement information from a global positionsystem (GPS), and wherein the second measurement informationrepresenting measurement information for the second NSS comprisesmeasurement information from a Galileo satellite system.
 5. The methodof claim 1, wherein the request includes a bit map indicating an allowedNSS method corresponding to allowance of a global position system (GPS)as the first NSS.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the requestindicates a real-time integrity of the second NSS.
 7. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the request indicates the uncertainty of time betweenthe first NSS and the second NSS.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein therequest indicates the mobile station is requested to report a timerelationship between the first NSS and the second NSS.
 9. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the first NSS is a global positioning system (GPS), andthe second measurement information comprises a satellite vehicleidentification (SV ID).
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first NSSis a global positioning system (GPS), and the second measurementinformation comprises a signal velocity to index of refraction (C/N_(o))measurement.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the first NSS is aglobal positioning system (GPS), and the second measurement informationcomprises a code phase measurement.
 12. The method of claim 1, whereinthe first NSS is a global positioning system (GPS), and the secondmeasurement information comprises a multi-path indicator.
 13. The methodof claim 1, wherein the first NSS is a global positioning system (GPS),and the second measurement information comprises a root-mean squared(RMS) pseudo-range error measurement.
 14. The method of claim 1, whereinthe first NSS is a global positioning system (GPS), and the secondmeasurement information comprises a time relation of Galileo and aglobal system for mobile communications (GSM) system.
 15. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the first NSS is a global positioning system (GPS), andthe second measurement information comprises delta time of the week dataindicating a difference between a Galileo time of the week and asatellite vehicle time from a first reported satellite.
 16. A mobilestation, comprising: means for receiving a request for a measureposition response message; means for receiving a first signal from afirst satellite vehicle (SV) and a second signal from a second SV,wherein the first SV comprises a first navigation satellite system (NSS)defining a first set of positioning methods and the second SV comprisesa second NSS defining a second set of positioning methods; means forformulating the measure position response message in response to thefirst signal and the second signal; and means for transmitting themeasure position response message to a location server, wherein themeasure position response message comprises: first measurementinformation representing measurement information for the first NSS; andsecond measurement information representing measurement information forthe second NSS and corresponding to the measurement information for thefirst NSS.
 17. The mobile station of claim 16, wherein each of the firstmeasurement information representing measurement information for thefirst NSS and the second measurement information representingmeasurement information for the second NSS, further comprise at leastone of the following elements: a frame number, a global positioningsystem (GPS) time of week (TOW), or at least one of a plurality ofmeasurement parameters.
 18. The mobile station of claim 17, wherein theplurality of measurement parameters comprises a satellite vehicleidentification (SV ID), a signal velocity to index of refraction(C/N_(o)) measurement, a Doppler measurement, a code phase measurement,a multi-path indicator, and a root-mean squared (RMS) pseudo-range errormeasurement.
 19. The mobile station of claim 16, wherein the firstmeasurement information representing measurement information for thefirst NSS comprises measurement information from a global positionsystem (GPS), and wherein the second measurement informationrepresenting measurement information for the second NSS comprisesmeasurement information from a Galileo satellite system.
 20. A computerprogram product, comprising: a non-transitory computer-readable mediumcomprising: code to cause a mobile station to receive a request for ameasure position response message; code to cause the mobile station tocompile the measure position response message, wherein the measureposition response message comprises first measurement informationrepresenting measurement information for a first navigation satellitesystem (NSS); and second measurement information representingmeasurement information for the second NSS and corresponding to thefirst measurement information for the first NSS; and code to cause themobile station to transmit the measure position response message to alocation server.
 21. The product of claim 20, wherein each of the firstmeasurement information representing measurement information for thefirst NSS and the second measurement information representingmeasurement information for the second NSS, further comprise at leastone of the following elements: a frame number, a global positioningsystem (GPS) time of week (TOW), or at least one of a plurality ofmeasurement parameters.
 22. The product of claim 21, wherein theplurality of measurement parameters comprises a satellite vehicleidentification (SV ID), a signal velocity to index of refraction(C/N_(o)) measurement, a Doppler measurement, a code phase measurement,a multi-path indicator, and a root-mean squared (RMS) pseudo-range errormeasurement.
 23. The product of claim 20, wherein the first measurementinformation representing measurement information for the first NSScomprises measurement information from a global position system (GPS),and wherein the second measurement information representing measurementinformation for the second NSS comprises measurement information from aGalileo satellite system.
 24. A mobile station, comprising: receivercircuitry; a processor; and a transmitter; wherein the receivercircuitry is configured to receive a request for a measure positionresponse message, and to receive a first signal from a first satellitevehicle (SV) and a second signal from a second SV, wherein the first SVcomprises a first navigation satellite system (NSS) defining a first setof positioning methods and the second SV comprises a second NSS defininga second set of positioning methods; wherein the processor is configuredto formulate the measure position response message in response to thefirst signal and the second signal; and wherein the transmitter isconfigured to transmit the measure position response message to alocation server, wherein the measure position response messagecomprises: first measurement information representing measurementinformation for the first NSS; and second measurement informationrepresenting measurement information for the second NSS andcorresponding to the measurement information for the first NSS.